Basic Command For Linux / Backtrack

Ubuntu ျဖစ္ျဖစ္ Backtrack ျဖစ္ျဖစ္ Linux Base System ကိုသုံးတဲ့သူတိုင္းသိသင့္တဲ့ အေျခခံ Command လိုင္းေလးေတြပါ အလြက္က်က္ထားစရာေတာ့မလိုပါဘူး သုံးရင္နဲ့တျဖည္းျဖည္း အလြတ္ရသြားပါလိမ့္မယ္……………….:P သုံးထားတဲ့စကားလုံးေတြက သိပ္အခက္ျကီးမဟုတ္လို့ဘာသာမျပန္ေတာ့ပါဘူး ဖတ္တတ္မယ္ထင္ပါတယ္ ကဲစလိုက္ရေအာင္………:P


File Command

    ls  – directory  listing
    ls -al  – formatted listing with hidden files
    cd dir – Change directory to dir
    cd  – Change to home
    pwd – show current directory
    mkdir dir – create a directory dir
    rm file – delete file
    rm -r  dir -delete directory dir
    rm -f file – force remove file
    rm -rf dir – force remove directory dir*
    cp file1 file2 – copy file1 to file2
    cp -r dir1 dir2 – copy dir1 to dir2 ; create dir2 if it  doesn’t exit
    mv file1 file2 – rename or move file1 to file2 ;if file2 is an existing directory , move file1 into directory file2
    ln -s file link – create symbolic link link to file
    touch file – create or update file
    cat > file – places standard input into file
    more file – output the contents of file
    head file – output the first 10 lines of file
    tail file – out put the last 10 lines of file
    tail -f file – output the contents of file as it grows,  starting with the last 10 lines

Installation

Install form source

    ./ configure
    make
    make install
    dpkg -i  pkg.deb   – install  a package (debian)
    rpm -Uvh pkg.rpm – install a package (RPM)

Network

    Ping host  – ping host and  output results
    whois domain – get whois information for domain
    dig domain – get DNS information for domain
    dig -x host – reverse lookup host
    wget file – download file
    wget -c file – continue a stopped download

Shortcuts

    Ctrl+C – halts the current command
    Ctrl+Z – stops the current command resume with fg in the foreground or bg in the background
    Ctrl+D – log out of  current session, similar to exit
    Ctrl+W – erases  one word in the current line
    Ctrl+U – erases the whole line
    Ctrl+R – type to bring up a recent command ……..repeats the last command
    exit – log out of current session

Compression

    tar cf file.tar files – created a tar named file.tar containing files
    tar xf file.tar -extract the files from file.tar
    tar czf file.tar.gz  files – create a tar with Gzip compression
    tar xzf file.tar.gz – extract a tar using Gzip
    tar cjf file.tar.bz2 – create a tar wiht Bzip2 compression
    tar xjf file.tar.bz2-  extract a tar using Bzip2
    gzip file – compresses  file and rename it to file.gz
    gzip -d file.gz – decompress file.gz back to file

Searching

    grep pattern file – search for a pattern in file
    grep -r pattern dir – search recursively for pattern in dir
    command | grep pattern – search for pattern in the output command
    locate file – find all instances of file

SSH

    ssh user@host – connect to host as user
    ssh -p port user@host – connect to host on port on port as user
    ssh -copy -id user@host- add your key to host for user to enable a keyed or passwordless login

File Permissions

    chmod octal file – change the premission of file to octal , which can be found separately for user,gruop and world by adding :

    4 – read (r)
    2 – write (w)
    1 – execute (x)

Examples;

chmod 777 – read, write ,execute for all

chmod 755 – rwx for owner , rx for group and world  For more option see  man chmod .

Process Management

    ps – display your currently active processes
    top – display all running processes
    kill pid – kill process id pid
    killall proc – kill all processes and named proc*
    bg – lists stopped for background jobs: resume a stopped job in the background
    fg -brings the most recent job to foreground
    fg n – brings job n to the foreground

System Info

    date – show the current date and time
    cal -  show this month calendar
    uptime – show current uptime
    w – display who is online
    whoami – who you are logged in as
    finger user – display information about the user
    uname -a – show kernel information
    cat / proc/ cpuinfo – cpu information
    cat / proc/ meminfo – memory information
    man command – show the manual for command
    df – show disk usage
    du – show directory space usage
    free – show memory and swap usage
    whois app – show possible location of app
    which app – show which app will be run by defult

အေျခခံလို့ေျပာေပမယ့္ ေတာ္ေတာ့္ကိုစုံပါတယ္ ဒီဟာေတြကိုအကုန္မမွတ္မိရင္ေတာင္မွနဲနဲေလးေတာ့သိထားသင့္တယ္လို့ထင္ပါတယ္……….. ဆက္လက္ျကိုးစားပါအုံးမယ္…